The DOS operating system was used in the 1980’s and it was developed by Microsoft. This is why it was called MS- DOS. What does DOS stand for? Disk Operating System. In the days of was no Windows since you were dealing with IBM PC clone and memory was scarce. No C drive just two floppy drives. Some basic commands of DOS Well, you want to inside of folder in a drive. Say D drive has a folder called techK. List everything inside the folder. First you go to D Rive. cd D: Then you want to see what is inside D drive: Type: dir you get a list of files and directories. So you see techK folder. Type: cd techK DOS does not allow you to see all contents by clicking. You need to know exact folder name and file name. Copy Command There is no paste here you copy and move. We use XCopy which is advanced version of copy Command. Steps:

1. Click Start.
2. In search box, type:cmd.
3. Right click and choose “Run as Administrator”
4. We want move contents from Folder1 in E drive to applick folder in F Drive.

Type Command: C:\>xcopy E:\Personal_AM\folder1 E:\applick /E/H Then press enter. You will see a message: Does E:\applick specify a file or target directory name on the target? (F=File,D=Directory) applick is a folder name. Format of command is xcopy [source] [destination].

1. Enter and all files are copied.

To find if you are connected to internet.

1. Open Command Prompt.
2. Type ping Google.com and press enter.

You see result: C:\Users\Abbas>ping yahoo.com Pinging yahoo.com [2001:4998:44:3507::8000] with 32 bytes of data: Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Request timed out. Ping statistics for 2001:4998:44:3507::8000: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), C:\Users\Abbas> You can understand internet connection is not well. To see contents in a text file.

1. You have a file called file1.txt. You wrote into it “The grass is green” and saved it in E drive.
2. Open Command prompt. Type: E:
3. Type: type file1.txt and press enter.
4. You will see: The grass is green.

To create a Folder or Directory using commands.

1. Type (in command prompt): say you are in E drive E:> mkdir MyFolder and press enter.

Restarting computer CTRL+ALT +DEL at a time. Clearing screen Type CLS Getting present date date